|
REFERENCES
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1997). Draft Toxicological Profile for Cadmium, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (1996). 1996 TLVs and BEIs, Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents.
Bak, J., Jensen, J., Larsen, M. M., Pritzl, G. and Scott-Fordsmand, J. (1997). "A heavy metal monitoring programme in Denmark." Sci. Total Environ, 207: 179-186.
Buchet, J. P., Lauwerys, R., Roels, H., Bernard, A., Bruaux, P., Claeys, F., Ducoffre, G., De Plaen, P., Staessen, J., Amery, A., Linjen, P., Thijs, L., Ronda, D., Sartor, F., Saint Remy, A., and Nick, L. (1990) "Renal effects of cadmium body burden of the general population," Lancet 336: 699-702.
Cadmium Association, London, UK and Cadmium Council, Greenwich, Connecticut, USA. (1991) "Technical Notes on Cadmium : Cadmium Production, Properties and Uses."
Carr, D. S., (1992) "Cadmium and Cadmium Alloys," Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology, Volume 4, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Chandler, A. J. (1996). "Characterising Cadmium in Municipal Solid Waste," Sources of Cadmium in the Environment, Inter-Organisation Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Pads, France.
Chaudri, A. M., Zhao, F. J., McGrath, S. P., and Crosland, A. R., (1995). "The cadmium content of British wheat grain." J. Environ. Qual 24:850-855.
Cook, M. E., (1994) "Cadmium Pigments: When Should I Use Them?," Inorganic Pigments.. Environmental Issues and Technological Opportunities, Industrial Inorganic Chemicals Group, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, January 12, 1994.
Cook, M. E., and Morrow, H., (1995) "Anthropogenic Sources of Cadmium in Canada," National Workshop on Cadmium Transport Into Plants, Canadian Network of Toxicology Centres, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, June 20-21, 1995.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 77th Edition, (1996) CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.
Ducoffre, G., Claeys, F., and Sartor, F., (1992). "Decrease in blood cadmium levels over time in Belgium." Arch. Env. Health, 91:157- .
Eggenberger, U. and Waber, H. N.,(1998). "Cadmium in Seepage Waters of Landfills: A Statistical and Geochemical Evaluation, "Report of November 20, 1997 for the OECD Advisory Group on Risk Management Meeting, February 9-10, 1998, Pads.
Elgersma, F., Anderberg, B. S., and Stigliani, W. M., (1992) ."Emission Factors for Aqueous Industrial Cadmium Emissions in the Rhine River Basin; A Historical Reconstruction for the Period 1970-1988," Edited Proceedings Seventh International Cadmium Conference - New Orleans, Cadmium Association, London, Cadmium Council, Reston VA, International Lead Zinc Research Organisation, Research Triangle Park NC.
Elinder, Cad-Gustaf (1985) "Cadmium: Uses, Occurrence, and Intake," Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.
Environmental Resources Limited (1990). Evaluation of the Sources of Human and Environmental Contamination by Cadmium. Prepared for the Commission of the European Community, Directorate General for Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety, London, February 1990.
Friis, L., Petersson, L., and Edling, C., (1998). "Reduced cadmium levels in human Kidney cortex in Sweden." Environ. Health Perspect. 106:175-178.
Hecker, L. H., Alien, H. E., Dinman, B. D., and Neel, J. V., (1974). "Heavy metal levels in acculturated and unacculturated populations." Arch, Environ. Health. 29:181-185.
International Labour Organisation(1991). occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Toxic Substances, Third Edition, Occupational Safety and Health Series No. 37.
Jackson, T., and MacGillivray, A., (1993). Accounting for Cadmium, Stockholm Environment Institute, London.
Jensen, A., and Bro-Rasmussen, F., (1992). "Environmental Contamination in Europe," Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Volume 125, pages 101-181.
Jones, R., Lapp, T., and Wallace, D., (1993). Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds, Prepared by Midwest Research Institute for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Report EPA-453/R-93-040, September 1993.
Lauwerys, R. R., (1986). Health Maintenance of Workers Exposed to Cadmium, The Cadmium Council, Inc., New York, NY.
Leone, G. L., Lewis, B. W., and Morikawa, D., (1986). "Using Cadmium Safely: A Guide for the Workplace," The Cadmium Council, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Mench, M. J., (1998). "Cadmium availability to plants in relation to major long-term changes in agronomy systems." Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ. 67: 175-187.
Minister fur Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft (MURL) (1989). "Luftreinhaltun in Nord Rhein-Westfalen: eine Erfolgungsbilanz der Luftreinhalteplanenung (1975-1988)," Dusseldod, 215- .
Morrow, H., (1990). "Cadmium(Cd)," Metals Handbook, 10th Edition, Volume 2, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio.
Morrow, H., (1996) "Questioning the Need to Develop Alternatives for Cadmium Coatings," Proceedings of 2nd Annual Cadmium Alternatives Conference, National Defence Centre for Environmental Excellence, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, USA, May 13-15, 1996.
Morrow, H., (1 997) "Cadmium, Metals & Minerals Annual Review, The Mining Journal Ltd., London, UK.
Morrow, H., and Keating, J., (1997) "Overview Paper for OECD Workshop on the Effective Collection and Recycling of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries," OECD Workshop on the Effective Collection and Recycling of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries, Lyon, France, September 23-25, 1997. Proceedings to be published by OECD, Paris, France.
Mukunoki, J., and Fujimoto, K., (1996). "Collection and Recycling of Used Ni-Cd Batteries in Japan," Sources of Cadmium in the Environment, Inter-Organisation Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, 1996.
Nriagu, J. 0., (1980). "Cadmium in the Atmosphere and in Precipitation," Cadmium in the Environment, Part 1, Ecological Cycling, JohnWiley & Sons, pages 71-114.
Nriagu, J. 0., and Pacyna, J. M., (1988). "Quantitative Assessment of World-wide Contamination of Air, Water and Soils by Trace Metals," Nature, Vol. 333, pages 134-139.
Nriagu, J. 0., (1989). "A Global Assessment of Natural Sources of Atmospheric Trace Metals," Nature, Vol. 338, pages 47-49.
NUS Corporation (1987). Characterisation of Municipal Waste Combustor Ashes and Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Monofills, and Codisposal Sites, Report prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, R-33-6-7-1, Washington, DC.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1992). Occupational Exposure to Cadmium,. Final Rules, U.S. Department of Labor, 29 CFR Part 1910.1027, September 14, 1992.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1994), Risk Reduction Monograph No. 5: Cadmium OECD Environment Directorate, Paris, France.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1996). Report From Session F, "Sources of Cadmium in Waste," Chairman's Report of The Cadmium Workshop, ENVIMCICHEMIRD(96)1, Stockholm, Sweden, October 1995.
Owens, J., (1994). "The Environmental Impacts of Disposed Nickel-Cadmium Rechargeable Batteries in the Nation's Municipal Solid Waste Stream," U. S. Bureau of Mines, July 1994.
Reeves, P. G., and Vanderpool, R. A., (1997). "Cadmium burden of men and women WHO report regular consumption of confectionery sunflower kernels containing a natural abundance of cadmium." Environ. Health Perspect. 105: 1098-1104.
Roels, H. A., Van Assche, F. J., Oversteyns, M., De Groof, M., Lauwerys, R. R., and Lison, D., (1997). "Reversibility of microproteinuira in cadmium workers with incipient tubular dysfunction after reduction of exposure." Amer. J. Ind. Med. 31: 645-652.
Sorahan, T., Lister, M., Gilthorpe, S., Harrington, and J. M., (1995). "Mortality of copper cadmium alloy workers with special reference to lung cancer and non-malignant diseases of the respiratory system, 1946-92," Occupational and Environmental Medicine, December 1995, Volume 52, No. 12, p 804-812.
Sorahan, T., and Lancashire, R. J., (1997). "Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of workers employed at a cadmium recovery plant in the United States: an analysis with detailed job histories," Occupa5onal and Environmental Medicine, March 1997, Volume 4, No. 3, p 194-201.
Staessen, J., Vyncke, G., Lauwerys, R., Roels, H., Celis, H., Claeys, F., Dondeyne, F., Fagard, R., Ide, G., Lijnen, P., Rondia, D., Sartor, F., Thijs, L., and Amery, A., (1991). 'Transfer of Cadmium from a Sandy Acidic Soil to Man: A Population Study.' Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Temple, D. A., and Wilson, D. N., (1983) "Cadmium - Markets and Trends," Edited Proceedings, Fourth international Cadmium Conference, Munich, Cadmium Association, London, Cadmium Council, New York, International Lead Zinc Research Organisation, New York.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (1996). 1994 Toxics Release Inventory - Public Data Release, , U.S. EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC.
Vahter, M., Berglund M., Nermell, B., and Akesson, A., (1996). "Bioavailability of Cadmium from shellfish and mixed diet in women." Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 136: 332-341.
Van Assche, F. J., and Ciarletta, P., (1992). "Cadmium in the Environment: Levels, Trends and Critical Pathways, Edited Proceedings Seventh International Cadmium Conference - New Orleans, Cadmium Association, London, Cadmium Council, Reston VA, International Lead Zinc Research Organisation, Research Triangle Park NC.
Van Assche, F. J., and Ciarletta, P., (1993). "Environmental exposure to cadmium in Belgium: Decreasing trends during the 1980s." Heavy Metals in the Environment Volume 1, pages 34-37. Toronto-September 1993.
Van Assche, F. J., (1998) "A Stepwise Model to Quantify the Relative Contribution of Different Environmental Sources to Human Cadmium Exposure," Paper to be presented at NiCad '98, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-22, 1998.
Van Urk, G., and Marquenie, J. M., (1 989). "Environmental Behaviour of Cadmium: WHO Are at Risk and Why," Heavy Metals in the Environment, Volume 11, Geneva, pages 456-459.
Watanabe, T., Iwani, 0., Shimbo, S., and Ikeda, M., (1993). "Reduction in cadmium in blood and dietary intake among general populations in Japan," Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 65: S205-S208.
Watanabe, T., Shimbo, S., Yasumoto, M., Imai, Y., Kimura, K., Yamamoto, K., Kawamura, S., and Ikeda, M., (1994). "Reduction to One Half in Dietary Intake of Cadmium and Lead among Japanese Populations," Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52: 196-202.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (1992). Environmental Health Criteria 134 - Cadmium International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Monograph.
|